Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie

Wydział Ekonomiczny - Economics (S1)

Sylabus przedmiotu Public Finances:

Informacje podstawowe

Kierunek studiów Economics
Forma studiów studia stacjonarne Poziom pierwszego stopnia
Tytuł zawodowy absolwenta licencjat
Obszary studiów charakterystyki PRK
Profil ogólnoakademicki
Moduł
Przedmiot Public Finances
Specjalność przedmiot wspólny
Jednostka prowadząca Katedra Zastosowań Matematyki w Ekonomii
Nauczyciel odpowiedzialny Emilia Barej-Kaczmarek <Emilia.Barej@zut.edu.pl>
Inni nauczyciele
ECTS (planowane) 3,0 ECTS (formy) 3,0
Forma zaliczenia zaliczenie Język polski
Blok obieralny Grupa obieralna

Formy dydaktyczne

Forma dydaktycznaKODSemestrGodzinyECTSWagaZaliczenie
ćwiczenia audytoryjneA5 15 2,00,50zaliczenie
wykładyW5 15 1,00,50zaliczenie

Wymagania wstępne

KODWymaganie wstępne
W-1Knowledge of microeconomics (issues).
W-2Knowledge of macroeconomics (issues).

Cele przedmiotu

KODCel modułu/przedmiotu
C-1On completion of the course, student should be able to have a clear understanding of public finance basics.
C-2Student should be able to place public finance study in economic sciences.
C-3Student should have knowledge that allows to identify issues and characteristics of financial economy of the public finance sector.
C-4Student is aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.

Treści programowe z podziałem na formy zajęć

KODTreść programowaGodziny
ćwiczenia audytoryjne
T-A-1The budgetary procedure2
T-A-2Tax system.3
T-A-3Fees and other public revenues.4
T-A-4Grants and subsidies.2
T-A-5Government agencies and government target funds.2
T-A-6Tasks division between the state budget and budgets of local selfgovernment units.2
15
wykłady
T-W-1The subject matter of public finance study. The size of the public sector.2
T-W-2Budget planning. Budget balance vs. budget deficit.1
T-W-3Public revenues.2
T-W-4Economics and social tax outcomes. Characteristics of contemporary tax system2
T-W-5Public expenditures.2
T-W-6The public debt. Public debt instruments.2
T-W-7Local finances. Tasks of: voivodeships and poviats and communes.2
T-W-8Public finance (Fiscal) discipline vs. public control of the financial system.2
15

Obciążenie pracą studenta - formy aktywności

KODForma aktywnościGodziny
ćwiczenia audytoryjne
A-A-1Preparing for an individual seminar.15
A-A-2Studying presented list of books and other relevant literature.10
A-A-3Participation in seminars.15
A-A-4Solving tasks.5
A-A-5Preparing for the final seminars’ exam.9
A-A-6Taking part in consultation time.6
60
wykłady
A-W-1Studying presented list of books and other relevant literature.2
A-W-2Participation in lectures.15
A-W-3Preparing for an individual lecture.2
A-W-4Preparing for the final exam.2
A-W-5Taking the final exam.3
A-W-6Consultataion6
30

Metody nauczania / narzędzia dydaktyczne

KODMetoda nauczania / narzędzie dydaktyczne
M-1Introductory classes.
M-2Case studies.
M-3Multimedia classes.
M-4Explanation.

Sposoby oceny

KODSposób oceny
S-1Ocena podsumowująca: Oral or written, including tasks that verify issues presented during lectures / seminars.
S-2Ocena formująca: Oral or written facultative assessments during the semester.

Zamierzone efekty uczenia się - wiedza

Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięOdniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówOdniesienie do efektów zdefiniowanych dla obszaru kształceniaCel przedmiotuTreści programoweMetody nauczaniaSposób oceny
E_1A_C7_W01
Student has gained knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
E_1A_W01, E_1A_W02, E_1A_W05C-1, C-2T-W-1, T-W-2M-1S-1, S-2
E_1A_C7_W02
Student has gained knowledge about public sector entities.
E_1A_W03, E_1A_W04C-2, C-3T-A-2, T-A-5, T-A-6, T-W-3, T-W-7, T-W-8M-1, M-2S-1, S-2
E_1A_C7_W03
Student has gained knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes.
E_1A_W04, E_1A_W08, E_1A_W13, E_1A_W15C-1, C-2, C-3T-A-1, T-A-2, T-A-3, T-A-4, T-A-5, T-A-6, T-W-5, T-W-6, T-W-7, T-W-8M-1, M-2S-1, S-2

Zamierzone efekty uczenia się - umiejętności

Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięOdniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówOdniesienie do efektów zdefiniowanych dla obszaru kształceniaCel przedmiotuTreści programoweMetody nauczaniaSposób oceny
E_1A_C7_U01
Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy.
E_1A_U21, E_1A_U02, E_1A_U08C-1, C-2, C-3T-A-1, T-A-2, T-W-3, T-W-4, T-W-5, T-W-6, T-W-7M-1, M-2S-1, S-2
E_1A_C7_U02
Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations.
E_1A_U05, E_1A_U20C-1, C-2, C-3T-A-1, T-A-2, T-A-3, T-A-4, T-A-5, T-A-6, T-W-5, T-W-6, T-W-7, T-W-8M-1, M-2S-1, S-2

Zamierzone efekty uczenia się - inne kompetencje społeczne i personalne

Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięOdniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówOdniesienie do efektów zdefiniowanych dla obszaru kształceniaCel przedmiotuTreści programoweMetody nauczaniaSposób oceny
E_1A_C7_K01
Student is aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
E_1A_K01C-4T-A-2, T-W-2, T-W-4, T-W-6M-4S-1, S-2

Kryterium oceny - wiedza

Efekt uczenia sięOcenaKryterium oceny
E_1A_C7_W01
Student has gained knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
2,0Student has not gained knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
3,0Student has gained satisfactory knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
3,5Student has gained more than satisfactory knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
4,0Student has gained good knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
4,5Student has gained more than good knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
5,0Student has gained very good knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
E_1A_C7_W02
Student has gained knowledge about public sector entities.
2,0Student has not gained knowledge about public sector entities
3,0Student has gained satisfactory knowledge about public sector entities
3,5Student has gained more than satisfactory knowledge about public sector entities
4,0Student has gained good knowledge about public sector entities
4,5Student has gained more than good knowledge about public sector entities
5,0Student has gained very good knowledge about public sector entities
E_1A_C7_W03
Student has gained knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes.
2,0Student has not gained knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
3,0Student has gained satisfacory knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
3,5Student has gained more than satisfactory knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
4,0Student has gained good knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
4,5Student has gained more than good knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
5,0Student has gained very good knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes

Kryterium oceny - umiejętności

Efekt uczenia sięOcenaKryterium oceny
E_1A_C7_U01
Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy.
2,0Student is unable to indicate main sources of fiscal policy.
3,0Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on the satisfactory level.
3,5Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on the more than satisfactory level.
4,0Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on good level.
4,5Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on more than good level.
5,0Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on very good level.
E_1A_C7_U02
Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations.
2,0Student is unable to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations.
3,0Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on the satisfactory level.
3,5Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on the more than satisfactory level.
4,0Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on good level.
4,5Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on more than good level.
5,0Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on very good level.

Kryterium oceny - inne kompetencje społeczne i personalne

Efekt uczenia sięOcenaKryterium oceny
E_1A_C7_K01
Student is aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
2,0Student is not aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
3,0Student is aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0

Literatura podstawowa

  1. S. Owsiak, Finanse publiczne. Teoria i praktyka, PWE, Warszawa, 2008
  2. K.Brzozowska, A. Czarny, W.ZbaraszewskiŚwiecka, Podstawy finansów publicznych, Stowarzyszenie Naukowe Isntytut Gospodarki i Rynku, Szczecin, 2006
  3. red. M.Podstawka, Finanse, PWN, Warszawa, 2010
  4. T.Juja, Finanse publiczne, Wydawnictwo UE Poznań, Poznań, 2011
  5. T.Lubińska, Budżet a finanse publiczne., PWN, Warszawa, 2010
  6. Cullis J. Jones P., Public Finance and Public Choice, Oxford University Press, Oxford University Press, 1998
  7. Stiglitz J.E., Economics of the Public Sector, W.W. Norton&Company, 1998
  8. Bovaird T. Lottler E. (red.), Public Management and Governance, Routledge, London and New York, 2003
  9. T.F. Cargill, The Financial System, Financial Regulation and Central Bank Policy, Cambridge University Press, 2017

Literatura dodatkowa

  1. B.Pietrzak, Z.Polański, System finansowy w Polsce, PWN, Warszawa, 2008
  2. K.Marchewka-Bartkowiak, Zarządzanie długiem publicznym, PWN, Warszawa, 2008
  3. C. Kosikowski, E. Ruśkowski, Finanse publiczne i prawo finansowe, Oficyna Ekonomiczna Grupa Wolters Kluwer, Białystok, 2008
  4. A. Majchrzycka-Guzowska, Finanse i prawo finansowe, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze Lexis Nexis, Warszawa, 2011
  5. E.Jarocka, Finanse, Difin, Warszawa, 2004
  6. K. Bednarz, Finanse dla niefinansistów, C.H. Beck, Warszawa, 2010

Treści programowe - ćwiczenia audytoryjne

KODTreść programowaGodziny
T-A-1The budgetary procedure2
T-A-2Tax system.3
T-A-3Fees and other public revenues.4
T-A-4Grants and subsidies.2
T-A-5Government agencies and government target funds.2
T-A-6Tasks division between the state budget and budgets of local selfgovernment units.2
15

Treści programowe - wykłady

KODTreść programowaGodziny
T-W-1The subject matter of public finance study. The size of the public sector.2
T-W-2Budget planning. Budget balance vs. budget deficit.1
T-W-3Public revenues.2
T-W-4Economics and social tax outcomes. Characteristics of contemporary tax system2
T-W-5Public expenditures.2
T-W-6The public debt. Public debt instruments.2
T-W-7Local finances. Tasks of: voivodeships and poviats and communes.2
T-W-8Public finance (Fiscal) discipline vs. public control of the financial system.2
15

Formy aktywności - ćwiczenia audytoryjne

KODForma aktywnościGodziny
A-A-1Preparing for an individual seminar.15
A-A-2Studying presented list of books and other relevant literature.10
A-A-3Participation in seminars.15
A-A-4Solving tasks.5
A-A-5Preparing for the final seminars’ exam.9
A-A-6Taking part in consultation time.6
60
(*) 1 punkt ECTS, odpowiada około 30 godzinom aktywności studenta

Formy aktywności - wykłady

KODForma aktywnościGodziny
A-W-1Studying presented list of books and other relevant literature.2
A-W-2Participation in lectures.15
A-W-3Preparing for an individual lecture.2
A-W-4Preparing for the final exam.2
A-W-5Taking the final exam.3
A-W-6Consultataion6
30
(*) 1 punkt ECTS, odpowiada około 30 godzinom aktywności studenta
PoleKODZnaczenie kodu
Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięE_1A_C7_W01Student has gained knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
Odniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówE_1A_W01Ma podstawową wiedzę z zakresu ekonomii, jej miejscu w systemie nauk społecznych oraz powiązaniach z innymi dyscyplinami naukowymi
E_1A_W02Zna podstawowe formy instytucji społecznych (publicznych, kulturowych, politycznych, prawnych, ekonomicznych) oraz ich struktury
E_1A_W05Ma podstawową wiedzę o człowieku jako podmiocie tworzącym i działającym w strukturach społeczno-gospodarczych oraz zna prawidłowości związane z ich funkcjonowaniem
Cel przedmiotuC-1On completion of the course, student should be able to have a clear understanding of public finance basics.
C-2Student should be able to place public finance study in economic sciences.
Treści programoweT-W-1The subject matter of public finance study. The size of the public sector.
T-W-2Budget planning. Budget balance vs. budget deficit.
Metody nauczaniaM-1Introductory classes.
Sposób ocenyS-1Ocena podsumowująca: Oral or written, including tasks that verify issues presented during lectures / seminars.
S-2Ocena formująca: Oral or written facultative assessments during the semester.
Kryteria ocenyOcenaKryterium oceny
2,0Student has not gained knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
3,0Student has gained satisfactory knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
3,5Student has gained more than satisfactory knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
4,0Student has gained good knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
4,5Student has gained more than good knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
5,0Student has gained very good knowledge about basics in budget economics (management).
PoleKODZnaczenie kodu
Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięE_1A_C7_W02Student has gained knowledge about public sector entities.
Odniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówE_1A_W03Ma podstawową wiedzę na temat relacji między strukturami i instytucjami społecznymi w skali krajowej i międzynarodowej
E_1A_W04Identyfikuje podstawowe rodzaje więzi społecznych, ich wpływ na gospodarkę oraz zna rządzące nimi prawidłowości
Cel przedmiotuC-2Student should be able to place public finance study in economic sciences.
C-3Student should have knowledge that allows to identify issues and characteristics of financial economy of the public finance sector.
Treści programoweT-A-2Tax system.
T-A-5Government agencies and government target funds.
T-A-6Tasks division between the state budget and budgets of local selfgovernment units.
T-W-3Public revenues.
T-W-7Local finances. Tasks of: voivodeships and poviats and communes.
T-W-8Public finance (Fiscal) discipline vs. public control of the financial system.
Metody nauczaniaM-1Introductory classes.
M-2Case studies.
Sposób ocenyS-1Ocena podsumowująca: Oral or written, including tasks that verify issues presented during lectures / seminars.
S-2Ocena formująca: Oral or written facultative assessments during the semester.
Kryteria ocenyOcenaKryterium oceny
2,0Student has not gained knowledge about public sector entities
3,0Student has gained satisfactory knowledge about public sector entities
3,5Student has gained more than satisfactory knowledge about public sector entities
4,0Student has gained good knowledge about public sector entities
4,5Student has gained more than good knowledge about public sector entities
5,0Student has gained very good knowledge about public sector entities
PoleKODZnaczenie kodu
Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięE_1A_C7_W03Student has gained knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes.
Odniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówE_1A_W04Identyfikuje podstawowe rodzaje więzi społecznych, ich wpływ na gospodarkę oraz zna rządzące nimi prawidłowości
E_1A_W08Zna podstawowe normy i reguły prawno-organizacyjne warunkujące funkcjonowanie podmiotów gospodarczych i instytucji społecznych, ich naturę i sposoby działania
E_1A_W13Ma wiedzę o poglądach na temat struktur, zjawisk i instytucji społecznych oraz rodzajów więzi społecznych a także o ich historycznej ewolucji
E_1A_W15Zna ogólne zasady tworzenia i rozwoju form indywidualnej przedsiębiorczości wykorzystującej wiedzę z zakresu ekonomii
Cel przedmiotuC-1On completion of the course, student should be able to have a clear understanding of public finance basics.
C-2Student should be able to place public finance study in economic sciences.
C-3Student should have knowledge that allows to identify issues and characteristics of financial economy of the public finance sector.
Treści programoweT-A-1The budgetary procedure
T-A-2Tax system.
T-A-3Fees and other public revenues.
T-A-4Grants and subsidies.
T-A-5Government agencies and government target funds.
T-A-6Tasks division between the state budget and budgets of local selfgovernment units.
T-W-5Public expenditures.
T-W-6The public debt. Public debt instruments.
T-W-7Local finances. Tasks of: voivodeships and poviats and communes.
T-W-8Public finance (Fiscal) discipline vs. public control of the financial system.
Metody nauczaniaM-1Introductory classes.
M-2Case studies.
Sposób ocenyS-1Ocena podsumowująca: Oral or written, including tasks that verify issues presented during lectures / seminars.
S-2Ocena formująca: Oral or written facultative assessments during the semester.
Kryteria ocenyOcenaKryterium oceny
2,0Student has not gained knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
3,0Student has gained satisfacory knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
3,5Student has gained more than satisfactory knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
4,0Student has gained good knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
4,5Student has gained more than good knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
5,0Student has gained very good knowledge about tax structure, the tax system, the most important taxes
PoleKODZnaczenie kodu
Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięE_1A_C7_U01Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy.
Odniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówE_1A_U21Posiada umiejętność uczenia się przez całe życie
E_1A_U02Potrafi zastosować podstawową wiedzę teoretyczną i pozyskiwać dane do analizowania konkretnych procesów i zjawisk społeczno-gospodarczych
E_1A_U08Potrafi właściwie analizować przyczyny oraz przebieg procesów i zjawisk społecznych w zakresie ekonomii
Cel przedmiotuC-1On completion of the course, student should be able to have a clear understanding of public finance basics.
C-2Student should be able to place public finance study in economic sciences.
C-3Student should have knowledge that allows to identify issues and characteristics of financial economy of the public finance sector.
Treści programoweT-A-1The budgetary procedure
T-A-2Tax system.
T-W-3Public revenues.
T-W-4Economics and social tax outcomes. Characteristics of contemporary tax system
T-W-5Public expenditures.
T-W-6The public debt. Public debt instruments.
T-W-7Local finances. Tasks of: voivodeships and poviats and communes.
Metody nauczaniaM-1Introductory classes.
M-2Case studies.
Sposób ocenyS-1Ocena podsumowująca: Oral or written, including tasks that verify issues presented during lectures / seminars.
S-2Ocena formująca: Oral or written facultative assessments during the semester.
Kryteria ocenyOcenaKryterium oceny
2,0Student is unable to indicate main sources of fiscal policy.
3,0Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on the satisfactory level.
3,5Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on the more than satisfactory level.
4,0Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on good level.
4,5Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on more than good level.
5,0Student is able to indicate main sources of fiscal policy on very good level.
PoleKODZnaczenie kodu
Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięE_1A_C7_U02Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations.
Odniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówE_1A_U05Prawidłowo posługuje się normami oraz regułami prawno-organizacyjnymi w celu rozwiązywania konkretnego zadania z zakresu ekonomii
E_1A_U20Posiada umiejętność raportowania zamierzeń i efektów zrealizowanych działań
Cel przedmiotuC-1On completion of the course, student should be able to have a clear understanding of public finance basics.
C-2Student should be able to place public finance study in economic sciences.
C-3Student should have knowledge that allows to identify issues and characteristics of financial economy of the public finance sector.
Treści programoweT-A-1The budgetary procedure
T-A-2Tax system.
T-A-3Fees and other public revenues.
T-A-4Grants and subsidies.
T-A-5Government agencies and government target funds.
T-A-6Tasks division between the state budget and budgets of local selfgovernment units.
T-W-5Public expenditures.
T-W-6The public debt. Public debt instruments.
T-W-7Local finances. Tasks of: voivodeships and poviats and communes.
T-W-8Public finance (Fiscal) discipline vs. public control of the financial system.
Metody nauczaniaM-1Introductory classes.
M-2Case studies.
Sposób ocenyS-1Ocena podsumowująca: Oral or written, including tasks that verify issues presented during lectures / seminars.
S-2Ocena formująca: Oral or written facultative assessments during the semester.
Kryteria ocenyOcenaKryterium oceny
2,0Student is unable to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations.
3,0Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on the satisfactory level.
3,5Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on the more than satisfactory level.
4,0Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on good level.
4,5Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on more than good level.
5,0Student is able to define scope and nature of tax liabilities; estimate amount of tax liability for the most important taxes (PIT, CIT, VAT); indicate basic taxpayers’ obligations on very good level.
PoleKODZnaczenie kodu
Zamierzone efekty uczenia sięE_1A_C7_K01Student is aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
Odniesienie do efektów kształcenia dla kierunku studiówE_1A_K01Samodzielnej pracy oraz pracy w zespole (słuchanie, negocjacje, perswazja, prezentacja)
Cel przedmiotuC-4Student is aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
Treści programoweT-A-2Tax system.
T-W-2Budget planning. Budget balance vs. budget deficit.
T-W-4Economics and social tax outcomes. Characteristics of contemporary tax system
T-W-6The public debt. Public debt instruments.
Metody nauczaniaM-4Explanation.
Sposób ocenyS-1Ocena podsumowująca: Oral or written, including tasks that verify issues presented during lectures / seminars.
S-2Ocena formująca: Oral or written facultative assessments during the semester.
Kryteria ocenyOcenaKryterium oceny
2,0Student is not aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
3,0Student is aware of level of his knowledge and importance of lifelong learning.
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0